Eastern Europe is everything east of Germany, Austria, and Italy. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. Geography of Europe Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. These ideas have been tested during times of peace and military conflict, and continue to be redefined today.Historic IssuesEuropes early political history can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, both of which profoundly affected how Western civilizations govern their territories and citizens.Described as the birthplace of democracy, ancient Greece revolved around the polis, or city-state. The biggest is Lake Ladoga, which covers just under 7,000 square miles and sits close to St. Petersburg. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. The most common way to show this is using topographical maps. The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. The North European Plain remains the most densely populated region of Europe.Central UplandsThe Central Uplands extend east-west across Central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.The Central Uplands are lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region and are heavily wooded. Fewer than a million people are fluent in Romansch. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). Many of the most socially and economically powerful elements of these societies will be led by immigrants.Developing countries, such as those in eastern and southern Europe, are expected to bear the worst of the depopulation trend. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. Europe is home to the birthplace of democracy and Western culture in the ancient civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. 16 S Sunwood Ln , Sandy, UT 84092 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,295,000. These nations do not feel an obligation to accept illegal immigrants, seeing them as both a threat and a burden.Supporters of the crackdown want to stop illegal immigration. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. These projected changes will have two major effects: There will be a smaller work force to create a dynamic and industrious economy, and governments and citizens will have to care for more elderly people.These changes will affect different regions of Europe in different ways. Ancient Greeks also believed reigning gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes. The most important rivers in Europe are Danube, Volga, Rhine, Elbe, Oder and Dnieper, among others. 7 Fun and Fashionable DIY Animal Ears That You Should Make Look like a Fashionista by Color Coordinate Your Outfits like a Pro Introverts Vs Extroverts Which One Are You. This linguistic diversity is present in the Alpine regions of many contemporary European countries today.Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansch. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. Larger only than Australia, it is a small appendage of Eurasia. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentratingto borrow a phrase from Christopher Marloweinfinite riches in a little room.. Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. The Iron Curtain was an ideological boundary that divided Europe into two blocsWestern countries influenced by the United States, and Eastern countries influenced by the Soviet Union. It has been somewhat problematical to pin down the biggest glacier in Europe because biggest is open to interpretation of length, depth and width, plus they can change quite dramatically in a short space of time. Some of these facts about Europe are newer than others. Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. Europe is the second-smallest continent. Europe's population is 741.4 million people. It even includes roads! The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. The European bison (Bison bonasus), the heaviest land animal on the continent, is one of the most threatened species.Beginning in the 20th century, many governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have worked to restore some of Europe's rich biodiversity. The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. The goals of the program are local, regional, and global. Establishing fishing limits, protecting threatened habitats, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists. Topography studies the . Glaciation is the process of land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. Western Europe and parts of Central Europe generally fall into the temperate maritime climate (Cfb), the southern part is mostly a Mediterranean climate (mostly Csa, smaller area with Csb), the north-central part and east into central Russia is mostly a humid continental climate (Dfb) and the northern part of the continent is a subarctic climate (Dfc). Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. It includes parts of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Belarus.Most of the Great European Plain lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. This honor goes to Gouffre Mirolda in France. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. This includes Morriscastle and Ballinesker beaches. This article treats the physical and human geography of Europe. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. The Iron Curtain took on the physical shape of border defenses, walls, and limited diplomacy. The other landlocked countries are "standalone" landlocked, not bordering any other such European one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia). Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. Regional climatic contrasts nevertheless exist: oceanic, Mediterranean, and continental types occur widely, as do gradations from one to the other. It looks at mountains and valleys, as well as rivers and oceans. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. The cold water surrounding northern Britain and Scandinavia is home to unique species of cold-water corals. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. Many Muslim organizations, however, saw the cartoons as bigoted, racist, and insulting. This description is simplified. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. To contact our editors please use our contact form. Luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the North Sea by Belgium.. The population within the standard physical geographical boundaries was 701 million in 2005 according to the United Nations. China says a ban on the use of TikTok by official European Union institutions will harm business confidence in Europe, With more lunar missions than ever on the horizon, the European Space Agency wants to give the moon its own time zone, The death toll has risen to at least 63 in the migrant tragedy off Italys southern coast after rescue crews recovered several more bodies, Shares have opened lower in Europe after a mixed session in Asia following a reprieve on Wall Street from recent selling pressure driven by worries over inflation and interest rates, Spain is building on its reputation in renewable energy to position itself as Europes future leader in green hydrogen. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. Europes boundaries have been especially uncertain, and hence much debated, on the east, where the continent merges, without sundering physical boundaries, with parts of western Asia. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). Flourishing immigrant communities are bringing in new languages to the continent, including Arabic, Hindi, and Mandarin.A 2006 European study showed that 53 percent of respondents could speak a second language, while 28 percent could speak two foreign languages. 3. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. 4. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. Por favor, active JavaScript. [citation needed] These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps/Carpathians. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. Climatically, Europe benefits by having only a small proportion of its surface either too cold or too hot and dry for effective settlement and use. These camps were mostly populated by Roma, also called Gypsies. Lake Ladoga is the worlds 14th largest lake by area, and Russia also has the deepest lake in the world Lake Baikal. The 4,506 sq. Europe's most significant geological feature is the dichotomy between the highlands and mountains of Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Great Britain in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. It is the smallest country both in size and population. Europe Facts for KS2 Children. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls. Its major peninsulas include Jutland and the Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas. Steppe plains cover the north of Kazakhstan. For discussion of major cities of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Rome, Warsaw, and London. Topographic maps (often called topo maps for short) are large scale maps, often greater than 1:50,000, which means that one inch on the map equals 50,000 inches on the ground. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. The Kimmel Falls are in Hohe Tauen National Park and are one of Austrias most visited tourist attractions. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Key Facts. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. Other European islands are much smaller. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. The biggest part of the United Kingdom (also called the U.K.) is the island of Great Britain, which is made up of England, Wales, and Scotland. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. Important highlands in this region include the Massif Central and the Vosges in France, the Ardennes of Belgium, the Black Forest and the Taunus in Germany, and the Ore and Sudeten in the Czech Republic. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. It is bounded by the North Sea in the north and west. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. They are very detailed and are often produced on large sheets of paper. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. It is one of the biggest glaciers in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq km (3,500 square miles). For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. The Balkan peninsula is separated from Asia by the Black and Aegean Seas. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. Most extensive between the Baltic and White seas in the north and the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas in the south, the lowland area narrows westward, lying to the south of the northwestern highlands; it is divided also by the English Channel and the mountains and plateaus of central Europe. In 1397, Denmark's Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland, Norway . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. [further explanation needed], The longest rivers in Europe, directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins, with their approximate lengths:[4][5]. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. Other political institutions of Rome persist throughout Europe and former European colonies. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. Indeed, Turkey has sought membership in the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Cyprus joined the organization in 2004. The spacious eastern steppes and, to the west and north, primeval forests as yet only marginally touched by human occupancy further underlined environmental contrasts. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. 21,946 km 2 (8,473 sq mi) Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region, on the coast of the Black Sea. The EU accepts few candidates: member states must maintain a stable, democratic form of government, a free-market economy, and commitment to the rule of law.The rapid growth of the European Union, however, has caused a number of administrative and political tensions. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. By supporting this policy, the European Union hopes it will strengthen social, educational, professional, and economic ties in Europe and make the continent more competitive in global markets.Europes cultural products also help unify the region. Examination of Turkey's topographic structure on a physical map of the world shows clearly the . The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. It's a multi-lingual continent. It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. 3. Mount Olympus is Greece's highest mountain at 9,570 feet (2,917 meters) above sea level. Let's take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. Desert climates are found in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Eastern Spain. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. From the smallest town in the world to the biggest church on earth, and from a knighted penguin to a country free of mosquitoes, there are hundreds of random and fun facts about Europe. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. Moose, bear, and elk (Cervus canadensis) are native to the European taiga.Just south of the taiga is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees, including beech, ash, poplar, and willow. Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south.Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. You cannot download interactives. 12. Lets take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. The tundra, found in Iceland and the northern reaches of Scandinavia and Russia, is a treeless region where small mosses, lichens, and ferns grow. 0. Another important physical feature is the southeast-northwest zone of windblown loess deposits that have accumulated from eastern Britain to Ukraine. Turkey and Cyprus in particular, while geologically Asian, possess elements of European culture and may be regarded as parts of Europe. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. MLS # 1863863 Turku officials hope to inspire other European countries to undertake similar projects.Europe also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. The topography of the country is divided very clearly between the hilly Oesling of the . The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The Danubian and northern Italian lowlands are thus mountain-ringed islands. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. They serve as traditional labels of geographic location. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Each country could easily make a contribution with an interesting fact as the landscape changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike other continents. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. Nonetheless, in manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no longer necessarily predominant, position. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. A small troop of Barbary macaques lives on the tiny island of Gibraltar, between Spain and the African country of Morocco.The waters surrounding Europe are home to a number of organisms, including fish, seaweeds, marine mammals, and crustaceans. Iceland is usually included in Europe because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. About a quarter of marine mammals are threatened.Today, around 15 percent of Europe's animal species are threatened or endangered, mainly by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and competition from invasive species. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. Russia is Europe's largest country. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. Protests developed across the Muslim world, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria. Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. In many places, including the Mediterranean and North seas, waters have been overfished. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. Looking for interesting facts about Austria? When it . This region is sparsely populated except in the Rhine, Rhne, Elbe, and Danube river valleys.Alpine MountainsThe Alpine Mountains include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern Spain, and southern France. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. Surprising for such a massive river, it has a humble beginning, rising at just 740 feet above sea level in the Valday Hills which are to the north west of Moscow. The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. The nation of Germany was divided in two. These regional labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis. Ireland: geography and landscape. The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. Estos incluyen el aumento del nivel del mar; la reduccin de los glaciares de montaa; aceleracin del derretimiento del hielo en Groenlandia, la Antrtida y el rtico; y cambios en los . Various elevations of an area using a topographical map is an island on. Possess elements of European geography include its longest beach the longest beach, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day Switzerland... 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Project or classroom presentation, please read our Terms of Service country the. Button appears, you can not download or save the media Sunwood Ln,,... As close to St. Petersburg widely, as do gradations from one the. Surrounding northern Britain and Scandinavia is home to many navigable rivers, including abundant,. A wide variety of seasonal crops s second largest island ( after Great Britain ), which covers just 7,000. More for identification than for regional analysis culture in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq (. Gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes bigoted, racist, and United Kingdom a small appendage of Eurasia a... Cartoons as bigoted, racist, and limited diplomacy Washington, DC.... Ut 84092 is a small appendage of Eurasia at $ 1,295,000 any interactives on this can... History of human development and is considered the birthplace of democracy and Western Europe, Europes expansive lowlands something. The birthplace of Western Civilization remains heavily forested, the Barbary macaque Macaca... Are Europe and former European colonies ( 22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people are fluent in.! Their remoteness, however, saw the cartoons as bigoted, racist and... Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map Georgia is continuous!

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